Saturday 22 February 2014

What is King's definition of "civil disobedience"?

In his "Letter From Birmingham Jail," Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes a response to eight white religious leaders who were expressing concern about the civil rights movement. In particular, these religious leaders were concerned with people breaking laws. They wanted blacks to wait for justice and, in the meantime, to obey the laws. Basically, they wanted them to be quiet and not make a fuss. 


Martin Luther King's response to them is composed of...

In his "Letter From Birmingham Jail," Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes a response to eight white religious leaders who were expressing concern about the civil rights movement. In particular, these religious leaders were concerned with people breaking laws. They wanted blacks to wait for justice and, in the meantime, to obey the laws. Basically, they wanted them to be quiet and not make a fuss. 


Martin Luther King's response to them is composed of brilliant rhetoric and logical arguments. He points out the violence and injustice blacks in the South have endured. He defines civil disobedience as a refusal to follow laws that are not just. He considers a law that is not fair to be unjust. There was nothing fair about black people being treated as second class citizens. There was nothing just about black people having separate and inferior restaurants, movie theaters, schools, and churches. In every facet of society, black people were degraded, treated as less than worthy of dignity, and disrespected.


King was a Christian, a community leader, and an American citizen. He took a stand against the injustice he saw and experienced as a black man in the South in order to enact change. He engaged in debate and discourse in order to change the laws of society. He even went to jail for his beliefs. His desire to see injustice eliminated was greater than his desire to follow the laws of the day. He stated that he followed just laws, but an unjust law is no law at all. Here is a quote from his letter: 



One may well ask, "How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?" The answer is found in the fact that there are two types of laws: there are just laws, and there are unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that "An unjust law is no law at all." Now, what is the difference between the two? How does one determine when a law is just or unjust? A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law, or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law. To put it in the terms of St. Thomas Aquinas, an unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal and natural law. Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust. All segregation statutes are unjust because segregation distorts the soul and damages the personality.


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