To determine the convergence or divergence of the series `sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n))` , we may apply Alternating Series Test.
In Alternating Series Test, the series `sum (-1)^n a_n` is convergent if:
1) `a_n` is monotone and decreasing sequence.
2) `lim_(n-gtoo) a_n =0`
3) `a_ngt=0`
For the series `sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n))` , we have:
`a_n = 1/(nln(n))` which is a positive, continuous, and decreasing sequence from `N=2.`
Note: As "`n` " increases, the `nln(n)` increases then `1/(nln(n))` decreases.
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To determine the convergence or divergence of the series `sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n))` , we may apply Alternating Series Test.
In Alternating Series Test, the series `sum (-1)^n a_n` is convergent if:
1) `a_n` is monotone and decreasing sequence.
2) `lim_(n-gtoo) a_n =0`
3) `a_ngt=0`
For the series `sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n))` , we have:
`a_n = 1/(nln(n))` which is a positive, continuous, and decreasing sequence from `N=2.`
Note: As "`n` " increases, the `nln(n)` increases then `1/(nln(n))` decreases.
Then, we set-up the limit as :
`lim_(n-gtoo)1/(nln(n))= 1/oo =0`
By alternating series test criteria, the series` sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n))` converges.
The series `sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n))` has positive and negative elements. Thus, we must verify if the series converges absolutely or conditionally. Recall:
a) Absolute Convergence: `sum a_n` is absolutely convergent if `sum|a_n|` is convergent.
b) Conditional Convergence: `sum a_n` is conditionally convergent if `sum|a_n|` is divergent and `sum a_n` is convergent.
We evaluate the `sum |a_n|` as :
`sum_(n=2)^oo |(-1)^n/(nln(n))|=sum_(n=2)^oo 1/(nln(n))`
Applying integral test for convergence, we evaluate the series as:
`int_2^oo1/(nln(n))dn=lim_(n-gtoo) int_2^t 1/(nln(n))dn`
Apply u-substitution: `u =ln(n)` then `du =1/ndn` .
`int 1/(nln(n))dn =int 1/(ln(n))*1/ndn `
`=int 1/u du`
` =ln|u|`
Plug-in `u=ln(n)` on the indefinite integral `ln|u|` , we get:
`int_2^t 1/(nln(n))dn =ln|ln(n)||_2^t`
Applying definite integral formula: `F(x)|_a^b = F(b)-F(a)` .
`ln|ln(n)||_2^t =ln|ln(t)|-ln|ln(2)|`
Then, the limit becomes:
`lim_(n-gtoo) int_2^t1/(nln(n))dn =lim_(n-gtoo) [ln|ln(t)|-ln|ln(2)|]`
`=lim_(n-gtoo)ln|ln(t)|-lim_(n-gtoo)ln|ln(2)|`
`= oo - ln|ln(2` )|
`=oo`
`int_2^oo1/(nln(n))dn=oo` implies the series `sum_(n=2)^oo |(-1)^n/(nln(n))|` diverges.
Conclusion:
The series` sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n)) ` is conditionally convergent since`sum |a_n|` as `sum_(n=2)^oo |(-1)^n/(nln(n))|` is divergent and `sum a_n` as` sum_(n=2)^oo (-1)^n/(nln(n))` is convergent.
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